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REPORTING DECISIONS THROUGH FEBRUARY 3, 2006 PENNSYLVANIA STATE COURT DECISIONS 1. CAUSES OF ACTION 1.1. Civil Remedies For Violations of State Constitutional Rights ► Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania ♦ Jones v. City of Philadelphia No. 795 C.D. 2004 (January 25, 2006) Holding: A city or other local government is not liable for monetary damages under Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution for a claim of excessive force. Of note is the en banc Court's finding that the plaintiff failed to show that his rights against governmental use of excessive force were not sufficiently protected by the Fourth Amendment. Judge Smith-Ribner filed a dissenting opinion, in which she was joined by Judge
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Forget Divorce Court -- As More Courts and Attorneys Embrace Mediation, Most Florida Divorces Never Make it to Court

When divorce attorney Howard Iken, The Divorce Center of Tampa Bay speaks with new clients, the first thing they talk about is "going to court." The reality is they will probably never see the inside of a courtroom. The reason -- the overwhelming majority settle at mediation.

Conjure up an image of divorce. The average person visualizes people sitting in a courtroom, giving testimony, with a judge at a bench presiding over everything. The reality of most divorces is dramatically different. Forget high profile, exciting confrontations in courtrooms built 50 years ago. The vast majority of divorces in Florida are relatively boring exchanges of paperwork and telephone calls. The extensive paperwork and telephone calls all lead to one event -- mediation. With 95% of cases settling at mediation, going to court is largely becoming something obsolete.

In Florida, and in many states in the U.S., mediation is becoming a mandatory step. And mediation appears to work. Howard Iken, managing partner at The Divorce Center of Tampa Bay, a divorce law practice in the Tampa Bay region, observes over 95% of divorce cases settle by the time they get to mediation. Of the 10% that do not settle by mediation, approximately 9% settle some time before final trial. The bottom line is that approximately 1 out of 100 divorce cases go through the colorful confrontation that many people visualize. 99 out of 100 cases never make it to court.

The evidence that mediation works is overwhelming. Mediation programs have sprung up all over Florida. In most if not all Florida Counties, mediation is a mandatory step in all divorce cases. Attorneys seem to embrace mediation. One potent indicator of this is their pricing arrangement. Many attorneys now quote fees that will take each client though mediation. Because of the unsually high settlement rate, that fee normally takes care of the entire case

Between the time a spouse files for divorce and the period most cases settle, the legal action consists of very boring paperwork, financial disclosure, punctuated by the occasional phone call. The process rarely varies and the paperwork in each case is similar if not the exact same. One spouse sends a petition, the other sends an answer. Each spouse exchanges financial affidavits, tax returns, paycheck stubs, and other types of documentation. The attorneys act as paperwork mills, churning and spinning out pounds of identical documents into the postal system. Other than copies of documents filed with the court, judges rarely get involved at this stage. All of the documents, legal pleadings, notices, and forms, are oriented toward getting to mediation, the final event in many divorces. If the parties settle at mediation, and the statistics show most do, one spouse will never see the inside of a courtroom. The other spouse usually attends a short, 10 minute hearing that is only a formality. A judge reviews the documents and signs off on the divorce.

"Hurry up and then wait," divorce attorney Howard Iken tells his clients. Most cases consist of tons of paperwork creation followed by a long wait. The long wait is normally to allow the opposing party time to create and send a similar pile of paperwork. The routine sets the stage for mediation. The process seems to work. The benefit: thousands of dollars in attorney fees are saved. Money that could pay for rebuilt lives is not diverted to the bank accounts of each attorney. Cases are brought to an early end. And each party to the divorce ends up having little or no contact with the court.

About the author:

Howard Iken is the founder and managing attorney. He represents divorce clients in Tampa, Clearwater, St. Petersburg, New Port Richey, Pinellas, Pasco, and Hernando County, Florida. For more information, call his toll free number at 1-888-4My-Divorce (1-888-469-3486). Get a free education on divorce issues by visiting The Divorce Center of Tampa Bay

The "arraignment" process involves: Being brought before a Judge in the courtroom Receiving the " criminal complaint" with the crimes charged and the factual basis to each charge The District Attorney requesting bail or releasing you on your own recognizance (called "ROR") Pleading guilty or not guilty The process starts when the court officer brings you from the cell in the back of the courtroom and into the courtroom before the Judge. If you were unable to contact your family, friends or an attorney when you were arrested then most likely the court will have a Legal Aid attorney appear for you. Legal Aid
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Howard Iken

Tucker County West Virginia court records

Sometimes people do stupid things, but someone who disobeys a court order is one of the craziest things one can do. In divorce court and family custody matters sometimes lawyers try to convince the judge that because of all the pressure of a divorce his client has acted in an unrational way, unfortunately judges rarely fell compassion when their orders are disregarded. Divorce attorneys and their clients often use the same tall tales to ignoring court orders. One excuse is the other party also did it or the court's order was based on inaccurate information. These excuses rarely work. One of the
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In the United States, personal injury claims are given a statute limitation of two (2) years before the claim is outlawed. Within this period, one must obtain a lawyer and file a case before going to trial in court.Most people find this quite a hassle. Hiring a lawyer takes not only a lot of money, but also demands a considerable amount of time and energy to set up meetings and, of course, show up in court. Because of this, many clients resort to "settlements", or dealing with the case before going to trial. Of course, this doesn't mean settlement happens
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